selenium+headless chrome爬虫的实现示例

脚本专栏 2024/11/8 佚名

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python爬虫写起来非常快，虽然也可以用java，但是没有python来的简洁迅速

selenium在前面总结过，是一个自动化测试库。headless chrome是无界面的浏览器模式，和PHANTOMJS类似。但是PHANTOMJS往往会出现莫名的错误，而且速度没有headless chrome快

from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
 
global DRIVER
chrome_options = Options()
chrome_options.add_argument('--headless')
chrome_options.add_argument('--disable-gpu')
  
DRIVER = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=chrome_options)

爬虫的代码有一点需要注意，需要操作事件的时候最好不要直接用相应的方法，比如click。最好嵌入js脚本的方式进行调用。因为爬虫的代码执行速度很快，前端元素结构往往反应不过来，从而找出元素不可见或者不存在的错误。

province_items = DRIVER.find_element_by_class_name("city-province").find_elements_by_tag_name("a")
 
#province_item.click()
DRIVER.execute_script('arguments[0].click();',province_item)

下面来个例子，由于做电商平台，省、市、区的数据很好找，但是没有镇、街道的信息。这里通过爬虫从淘宝网将镇，街道的信息抓取下来

#! /usr/local/bin/python
# encoding: utf-8
 
'''
Created on 2018年1月5日
 
@author: wulinfeng
@date: 2018-1-5
'''
 
import time
#import request
from selenium import webdriver
#from selenium.webdriver.common.desired_capabilities import DesiredCapabilities
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
import pymysql
 
def init_db():
  global CONNECTION 
  CONNECTION = pymysql.connect("地址","用户名","密码","数据库" ,use_unicode=True, charset="utf8")
 
def init_web_driver():
  global DRIVER
  #DRIVER = webdriver.PhantomJS(executable_path='C:\phantomjs-1.9.2-windows\phantomjs.exe')
  #DRIVER.set_window_size(1920, 1080)
  '''  
  dcap = dict(DesiredCapabilities.PHANTOMJS)
 
  dcap["phantomjs.page.settings.userAgent"] = (
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 "
    "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/53.0.2785.116 Safari/537.36"
  )
  
  dcap["phantomjs.page.settings.viewportSize"] = (
    "width: 1920, "
    "height: 1080"
  )
  
  DRIVER = webdriver.PhantomJS(executable_path='C:\phantomjs-1.9.2-windows\phantomjs.exe',desired_capabilities=dcap)
  DRIVER.set_window_size(1920, 1080)
  '''
  
  chrome_options = Options()
  chrome_options.add_argument('--headless')
  chrome_options.add_argument('--disable-gpu')
  
  DRIVER = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=chrome_options)
  
  #DRIVER=webdriver.Ie()
  #DRIVER=webdriver.Chrome()
 
def close_db():
  CONNECTION.close()    
  
def close_web_driver():
  DRIVER.quit() 
  
def login_taobao(username, password):
  DRIVER.get("https://member1.taobao.com/member/fresh/deliver_address.htm")
  #DRIVER.get("https://login.taobao.com/member/login.jhtml")
  #选择登陆方式
  DRIVER.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@id=\"J_Quick2Static\"]").click()
 
  #登陆
  input_user = DRIVER.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@id=\"TPL_username_1\"]")
  input_user.clear()
  input_user.send_keys(username)
  
  DRIVER.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@id=\"TPL_password_1\"]").send_keys(password)
  DRIVER.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@id=\"J_SubmitStatic\"]").click();
  
  time.sleep(0.5)
  
def get_data():
  #点击地址选择
  #DRIVER.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@id=\"city-title\"]").click()
  city_title = DRIVER.find_element_by_id("city-title")
  DRIVER.execute_script('arguments[0].click();',city_title)
  
  get_province_and_sub()
  
def get_province_and_sub():
  #获得省列表
  province_items = DRIVER.find_element_by_class_name("city-province").find_elements_by_tag_name("a")
  
  for province_item in province_items:
    pid = province_item.get_attribute("attr-id");
    pname = province_item.get_attribute("title");
    if pid == "-1":
      print("continue province")
      continue
    
    sql = "insert into region_province_t (province_id,province) values('"+pid+"','"+pname+"')"
    print(sql) 
    cursor = CONNECTION.cursor()
    cursor.execute(sql)
    CONNECTION.commit()
    
    #province_item.click()
    DRIVER.execute_script('arguments[0].click();',province_item)
    time.sleep(0.5)
    
    get_city_and_sub(pid)
    back_tab(0) 
  
def get_city_and_sub(pid):
  #获得市列表
  city_items = DRIVER.find_element_by_class_name("city-city").find_elements_by_tag_name("a")
  for city_item in city_items:
    cid = city_item.get_attribute("attr-id");
    cname = city_item.get_attribute("title");
    if cid == "-1":
      print("continue city")
      continue
  
    sql = "insert into region_city_t (city_id,city,province_id) values('"+cid+"','"+cname+"','"+pid+"')"
    print(sql) 
    cursor = CONNECTION.cursor()
    cursor.execute(sql)
    CONNECTION.commit()
    
    #city_item.click()
    DRIVER.execute_script('arguments[0].click();',city_item)
    time.sleep(1)
    
    get_area_and_sub(cid)
    back_tab(1)
    
def get_area_and_sub(cid):
  #获得县区列表
  area_items = DRIVER.find_element_by_class_name("city-district").find_elements_by_tag_name("a")
  for area_item in area_items:
    aid = area_item.get_attribute("attr-id");
    aname = area_item.get_attribute("title");
    if aid == "-1":
      print("continue area")
      continue
    
    sql = "insert into region_area_t (area_id,area,city_id) values('"+aid+"','"+aname+"','"+cid+"')"
    print(sql) 
    cursor = CONNECTION.cursor()
    cursor.execute(sql)
    CONNECTION.commit()
    
    #area_item.click()
    DRIVER.execute_script('arguments[0].click();',area_item)
    time.sleep(0.5)
    
    get_town_and_sub(aid)
    back_tab(2)
    
  
def get_town_and_sub(aid):
  #获得镇列表
  town_items = DRIVER.find_element_by_class_name("city-street").find_elements_by_tag_name("a")
  for town_item in town_items:
    tid = town_item.get_attribute("attr-id");
    tname = town_item.get_attribute("title");
    if tid == "-1":
      print("continue town")
      continue
    
    sql = "insert into region_town_t (town_id,town,area_id) values('"+tid+"','"+tname+"','"+aid+"')"
    print(sql) 
    cursor = CONNECTION.cursor()
    cursor.execute(sql)
    CONNECTION.commit()
    
def back_tab(index):
  districtEle = DRIVER.find_element_by_class_name("city-select-tab").find_elements_by_tag_name("a")[index]
  DRIVER.execute_script('arguments[0].click();',districtEle)
  time.sleep(0.5)
  
init_db()
init_web_driver()
login_taobao("用户名", "密码")
get_data()
close_db()
close_web_driver()

selenium,headless,chrome爬虫,selenium,headless,chrome