python Scrapy框架原理解析

脚本专栏 2024/12/23 佚名

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Python 爬虫包含两个重要的部分：正则表达式和Scrapy框架的运用，正则表达式对于所有语言都是通用的，网络上可以找到各种资源。

如下是手绘Scrapy框架原理图，帮助理解

如下是一段运用Scrapy创建的spider：使用了内置的crawl模板，以利用Scrapy库的CrawlSpider。相对于简单的爬取爬虫来说，Scrapy的CrawlSpider拥有一些网络爬取时可用的特殊属性和方法：

$ scrapy genspider country_or_district example.python-scrapying.com--template=crawl

运行genspider命令后，下面的代码将会在example/spiders/country_or_district.py中自动生成。

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapy
from scrapy.linkextractors import LinkExtractor
from scrapy.spiders import CrawlSpider, Rule
from example.items import CountryOrDistrictItem


class CountryOrDistrictSpider(CrawlSpider):
  name = 'country_or_district'
  allowed_domains = ['example.python-scraping.com']
  start_urls = ['http://example.python-scraping.com/']

  rules = (
    Rule(LinkExtractor(allow=r'/index/', deny=r'/user/'),
       follow=True),
    Rule(LinkExtractor(allow=r'/view/', deny=r'/user/'),
       callback='parse_item'),
  )

  def parse_item(self, response):
    item = CountryOrDistrictItem()
    name_css = 'tr#places_country_or_district__row td.w2p_fw::text'
    item['name'] = response.css(name_css).extract()
    pop_xpath = '//tr[@id="places_population__row"]/td[@class="w2p_fw"]/text()'
    item['population'] = response.xpath(pop_xpath).extract()
    return item

爬虫类包括的属性：