desktop $ls
client.py  server.py  中文测试
arcpy.txt  codetest.py  test.py

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# python3.5.1
import os,sys
print (sys.getdefaultencoding()) #系统默认编码
dir_list = os.listdir()
for li in dir_list:
print (li)

utf-8
arcpy.txt
client.py
codetest.py
server.py
test.py
中文测试

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# python3.5.1
import os,sys
print (sys.getdefaultencoding()) #系统默认编码
dir_list = os.popen('ls','r').read()
for li in dir_list:
print (li)

utf-8

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "Desktop/codetest.py", line 8, in <module>

dir_list = os.popen('ls','r').read()

File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/encodings/ascii.py", line 26, in decode

return codecs.ascii_decode(input, self.errors)[0]

UnicodeDecodeError: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0xe4 in position 76: ordinal not in range(128)