import os

command = "ifconfig"
exit_code = os.system(command)
# 理论上command是一个字符串，但实际看command还是得变为字节数组
# 当命令中存在中文时可能会报编码错误，此时可以自己给命令编一下码
# exit_code = os.system(command.encode("gbk"))

import os

command = "ifconfig"
command_output = os.popen(command).readlines()
print(command_output)

import subprocess

command = "ifconfig"
# 命令如果带参数则不能直接使用字符串的形式，不然后报FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'ifconfig -a'等错误
# 此时有两种处理办法，一种是写成以空格为分割的列表形式。可借助shlex.split(command_line)实现自动分割
# command = ["ifconfig", "-a"]
# 别一种是将shell参数置为True
# completed_process_obj = subprocess.run(command, shell=True)
# 当配置了stdout参数，completed_process_obj的stdout属性就会保存命令的输出
completed_process_obj = subprocess.run(command, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
print(completed_process_obj.stdout.decode())
# subprocess.Popen()基础参数和run()差不多，比run()对命令进程有更强的控制能力。其也能用来获取命令输出
# popen_obj = subprocess.Popen(command, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, shell=True)
# print(popen_obj.stdout.readlines())
# 其他如subprocess.call()、subprocess.check_call()、subprocess.check_output()都是旧方法了，Python3.5+都建议用run()