Django+RestFramework API接口及接口文档并返回json数据操作

脚本专栏 2024/12/25 佚名

3 2 1

系统：ubuntu18.04 x64

GitHub：https://github.com/xingjidemimi/DjangoAPI.git

安装

pip install django==2.1.5
pip install djangorestframework # rest api
pip install coreapi pygments markdown # 自动化接口文档

API示例

创建django项目

django-admin startproject DjangoAPI

创建应用

cd DjangoAPI

python manage.py startapp apiApp

项目代码

修改settings.py，添加应用到配置中

INSTALLED_APPS = [
 'django.contrib.admin',
 'django.contrib.auth',
 'django.contrib.contenttypes',
 'django.contrib.sessions',
 'django.contrib.messages',
 'django.contrib.staticfiles',
 'rest_framework', # 添加rest_framework应用
 'apiApp', # 添加apiApp应用
]

执行数据库迁移

python manage.py migrate

创建管理员，会提示输入用户名：ubuntu，邮箱：ubuntu@ubuntu.ubuntu，密码：ubuntu123456

python manage.py createsuperuser

修改/api/models.py，创建数据库模型。

from django.db import models

class Test(models.Model):
 name = models.CharField(u'姓名', max_length=100, default='no_name')
 sex = models.CharField(u'性别', max_length=10, default='male')
 age = models.CharField(u'年龄', max_length=3, default='0')

 def __unicode__(self):
  return '%d: %s' % (self.pk, self.name)

创建模型后执行：

python manage.py makemigrations # 生成数据库迁移文件

python manage.py migrate # 执行数据库迁移

修改/api/admin.py，写后台管理代码

from django.contrib import admin
from apiApp.models import Test
# Register your models here.

@admin.register(Test)
class BlogTypeAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
 list_display = ('pk', 'name') # 在后台列表下显示的字段

运行项目

python manage.py runserver

出现如下内容表明成功：

System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
January 23, 2019 - 08:28:09
Django version 2.1.5, using settings 'DjangoAPI.settings'
Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/
Quit the server with CONTROL-C.

浏览器输入：

http://127.0.0.1:8000/ # 出现django成功的界面

http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin # 进入管理后台

序列化模型类，在/api/下创建serializers.py，返回json数据

from rest_framework import serializers
from apiApp.models import Test

class TestSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
 class Meta:
  model = Test # 指定的模型类
  fields = ('pk', 'name', 'sex', 'age',) # 需要序列化的属性

修改/api/views.py，视图

from django.shortcuts import render
from rest_framework import viewsets
from apiApp.models import Test
from apiApp.serializers import TestSerializers


class TestViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
 # 指定结果集并设置排序
 queryset = Test.objects.all().order_by('-pk')
 # 指定序列化的类
 serializer_class = TestSerializers

修改/urls.py/，配置主路由

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include

urlpatterns = [
 path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
 path('', include('apiApp.urls')), # 添加应用的路由地址
]

在/api/下创建urls.py，配置应用路由

from django.conf.urls import include
from django.urls import path
from rest_framework import routers
from apiApp import views
from rest_framework.documentation import include_docs_urls

API_TITLE = 'API Documents'
API_DESCRIPTION = 'API Information'


# 定义路由地址
route = routers.DefaultRouter()

# 注册新的路由地址
route.register(r'test', views.TestViewSet)

# 注册上一级的路由地址并添加
urlpatterns = [
 path('', include(route.urls)),
 # 接口文档路由
 path(r'docs/', include_docs_urls(title=API_TITLE, description=API_DESCRIPTION, authentication_classes=[], permission_classes=[]))
]

运行项目