import os
os.system('ls')

import os
ls = os.popen('ls')
print ls.read()

import commands
commands.getstatusoutput('ls -lt')   # 返回(status, output)

from subprocess import call
call(["ls", "-l"])

import shlex, subprocess
def shell_command(cmd, timeout) :
  data = {"rc":False, "timeout":False, "stdout":"", "stderr":""}
  try :
    process = subprocess.Popen(cmd, shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
    try:
      outs, errs = process.communicate(timeout=timeout)
      data["stdout"] = outs.decode("utf-8") 
      data["stderr"] = errs.decode("utf-8") 
      data["rc"] = True

    except subprocess.TimeoutExpired :
      process.kill()
      outs, errs = process.communicate()
      data["rc"] = False 
      data["stdout"] = outs.decode("utf-8") 
      data["stderr"] = "timeout"
      data["timeout"] = True 

  except Exception as e :
    data["rc"] = False 
    data["stderr"] = e 

  finally : 
    return data