chose = [
  ('foo',1,2),
  ('bar','hello'),
  ('foo',3,4)
]

def do_foo(x,y):
  print('foo',x,y)

def do_bar(s):
  print('bar',s)

for tag,*args in chose:
  if tag == 'foo':
    do_foo(*args)

  elif tag == 'bar':
    do_bar(*args)

line = 'nobody:*:-2:-2:Unprivileged User:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false'

uname,*fields,homedir,sh = line.split(':')
print(sh)
from collections import deque
def search(lines, pattern, history=5):
  previous_lines = deque(maxlen=history)
  for li in lines:
    if pattern in li:
      yield li, previous_lines
    previous_lines.append(li)


# Example use on a file
if __name__ == '__main__':
  with open(r'./somefiles.py') as f:
    for line, prevlines in search(f, 'python', 5):
      for pline in prevlines:
        print(pline, end='')
      print(line, end='')
      print('-' * 20)

portfolio = [
{'name': 'IBM', 'shares': 100, 'price': 91.1},
{'name': 'AAPL', 'shares': 50, 'price': 543.22},
{'name': 'FB', 'shares': 200, 'price': 21.09},
{'name': 'HPQ', 'shares': 35, 'price': 31.75},
{'name': 'YHOO', 'shares': 45, 'price': 16.35},
{'name': 'ACME', 'shares': 75, 'price': 115.65}
]
cheap = heapq.nsmallest(3, portfolio, key=lambda s: s['price'])
expensive = heapq.nlargest(3, portfolio, key=lambda s: s['price'])
print(cheap)
print(expensive)

import time
import os
import sys

if len(sys.argv) != 2:
  print('sys.stderr,"请输入需要读取的文件名！"')

filename = sys.argv[1]

if not os.path.isfile(filename):
  print('sys.stderr,"请给出需要的文件：\%s\: is not a file" % filename')

with open(filename,'r') as f:
  filesize = os.stat(filename)[6]
  f.seek(filesize)
  while True:
    where = f.tell()
    line = f.readline()
    if not line:
      time.sleep(1)
      f.seek(where)
    else:
      print(line)