L = [1, 2, 3, 4]

List = [[]]
for i in range(len(L)):     # 定长
  for j in range(len(List)): # 变长
    sub_List = List[j] + [L[i]]
    if sub_List not in L:
      List.append(sub_List)
print('List =', List)

L = [1, 2, 3, 1]
List = [[]]
for i in range(len(L)):     # 定长
  for j in range(len(List)): # 变长
      List.append(List[j] + [L[i]])

print('List =', List)

from itertools import combinations
L = [1, 2, 3, 1]
result_list = sum([list(map(list, combinations(L, i))) for i in range(len(L) + 1)], [])
print('result_list =', result_list)