#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import socket
import fcntl
import struct

def get_ip_address(ifname):
  s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
  return socket.inet_ntoa(fcntl.ioctl(
    s.fileno(),
    0x8915, # SIOCGIFADDR
    struct.pack('256s', ifname[:15])
  )[20:24])

print "br1 = "+ get_ip_address('br1')
print "lo = " + get_ip_address('lo')
print "virbr0 = " + get_ip_address('virbr0')

import socket
print(socket.gethostbyname(socket.gethostname()))

# 有可能出现这个情况
Traceback (most recent call last):
 File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
socket.gaierror: [Errno -2] Name or service not known

# 在 shell 中可以一行调用，获取到本机IP
python -c "import socket;print([(s.connect(('8.8.8.8', 53)), s.getsockname()[0], s.close()) for s in [socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)]][0][1])"
10.12.189.16

# 可以封装成函数，方便 Python 的程序调用
import socket

def get_host_ip():
  try:
    s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
    s.connect(('8.8.8.8', 80))
    ip = s.getsockname()[0]
  finally:
    s.close()

  return ip