Python使用mongodb保存爬取豆瓣电影的数据过程解析

脚本专栏 2024/11/13 佚名

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创建爬虫项目douban

scrapy startproject douban

设置items.py文件，存储要保存的数据类型和字段名称

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapy
class DoubanItem(scrapy.Item):
 title = scrapy.Field()
 # 内容
 content = scrapy.Field()
 # 评分
 rating_num = scrapy.Field()
 # 简介
 quote = scrapy.Field()

设置爬虫文件doubanmovies.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapy
from douban.items import DoubanItem
class DoubanmoviesSpider(scrapy.Spider):
 name = 'doubanmovies'
 allowed_domains = ['movie.douban.com']
 offset = 0
 url = 'https://movie.douban.com/top250"//div[@class='info']")
  for each in info:
   item['title'] = each.xpath(".//span[@class='title'][1]/text()").extract()
   item['content'] = each.xpath(".//div[@class='bd']/p[1]/text()").extract()
   item['rating_num'] = each.xpath(".//span[@class='rating_num']/text()").extract()
   item['quote'] = each .xpath(".//span[@class='inq']/text()").extract()
   yield item
   # print(item)
  self.offset += 25
  if self.offset <= 250:
   yield scrapy.Request(self.url + str(self.offset),callback=self.parse)

设置管道文件，使用mongodb数据库来保存爬取的数据。重点部分

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from scrapy.conf import settings
import pymongo
class DoubanPipeline(object):
 def __init__(self):
  self.host = settings['MONGODB_HOST']
  self.port = settings['MONGODB_PORT']
 def process_item(self, item, spider):
  # 创建mongodb客户端连接对象，该例从settings.py文件里面获取mongodb所在的主机和端口参数，可直接书写主机和端口
  self.client = pymongo.MongoClient(self.host,self.port)
  # 创建数据库douban
  self.mydb = self.client['douban']
  # 在数据库douban里面创建表doubanmovies
  # 把类似字典的数据转换为phthon字典格式
  content = dict(item)
  # 把数据添加到表里面
  self.mysheetname.insert(content)
  return item

设置settings.py文件

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
BOT_NAME = 'douban'
SPIDER_MODULES = ['douban.spiders']
NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'douban.spiders'
USER_AGENT = 'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/5.0;'
# Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay
# See also autothrottle settings and docs
DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 3
# The download delay setting will honor only one of:
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16
# Disable cookies (enabled by default)
COOKIES_ENABLED = False
# Configure item pipelines
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
ITEM_PIPELINES = {
 'douban.pipelines.DoubanPipeline': 300,
}
# mongodb数据库设置变量
MONGODB_HOST = '127.0.0.1'
MONGODB_PORT = 27017

终端测试