Windows Powershell调用静态方法

脚本专栏 2024/12/24 佚名

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Powershell将信息存储在对象中，每个对象都会有一个具体的类型，简单的文本会以System.String类型存储，日期会以System.DateTime类型存储。任何.NET对象都可以通过GetType()方法返回它的类型，该类型中有一个FullName属性，可以查看类型的完整名称。

复制代码代码如下:
PS C:Powershell> $date=get-date
PS C:Powershell> $date

2012年1月11日 15:19:49

PS C:Powershell> $date.GetType().FullName
System.DateTime

每一个类型都可以包含一些静态的方法，可以通过方括号和类型名称得到类型对象本身，然后通过Get-Memeber命令查看该类型支持的所有静态方法。

复制代码代码如下:
PS C:Powershell> [System.DateTime] | Get-Member -static -memberType *Method

TypeName: System.DateTime

Name            MemberType Definition
----            ---------- ----------
Compare         Method     static int Compare(System.DateTime t1, System.Dat...
DaysInMonth Method     static int DaysInMonth(int year, int month)
Equals  Method     static bool Equals(System.DateTime t1, System.Dat...
FromBinary Method     static System.DateTime FromBinary(long dateData)
FromFileTime Method     static System.DateTime FromFileTime(long fileTime)
FromFileTimeUtc Method     static System.DateTime FromFileTimeUtc(long fileT...
FromOADate      Method     static System.DateTime FromOADate(double d)
IsLeapYear      Method     static bool IsLeapYear(int year)
Parse           Method     static System.DateTime Parse(string s), static Sy...
ParseExact      Method     static System.DateTime ParseExact(string s, strin...
ReferenceEquales Method     static bool ReferenceEquals(System.Object objA, S...
SpecifyKind     Method     static System.DateTime SpecifyKind(System.DateTim...
TryParse        Method     static bool TryParse(string s, System.DateTime&, ...
TryParseExact   Method     static bool TryParseExact(string s, string format...

System.DateTime类支持的静态方法非常实用
使用Parse方法将一个字符串转换成DateTime类：

复制代码代码如下:
PS C:Powershell> [System.DateTime]::Parse("2012-10-13 23:42:55")

2012年10月13日 23:42:55

使用isLeapYear方法判断闰年
复制代码代码如下:
#1988年是闰年吗？
[System.DateTime]::IsLeapYear(1988)
#打印1988到2000年的所有闰年
for($year=1988;$year -le 2000;$year++)
{
if( [System.DateTime]::IsLeapYear($year) ){$year}
}

True
1988
1992
1996
2000

另一个常用的类为Math类，在Math类中定义了很多实用的静态方法：
例如求绝对值，三角函数，取整：
复制代码代码如下:
PS C:Powershell> [Math]::Abs(-10.89)
10.89
PS C:Powershell> [Math]::Sin([Math]::PI/2)
1
PS C:Powershell> [Math]::Truncate(2012.7765)
2012

查看感兴趣的.NET类型

.NET支持成千上万的类型，有了这些类型可以做许多事情，幸运的是Powershell恰好支持这些类型。

对象类型转换

例如使用System.Net.IPAddress类将字符串IP地址转换成一个IPAddress实例

复制代码代码如下:
PS C:Powershell> [Net.IPAddress]'10.3.129.71'

Address           : 1199637258
AddressFamily     : InterNetwork
ScopeId           :
IsIPv6Multicast   : False
IsIPv6LinkLocal : False
IsIPv6SiteLocal : False
IPAddressToString : 10.3.129.71

调用静态的方法

同样是System.Net.IPAddress类，根据IP地址查看主机名，8.8.8.8是谷歌的免费DNS服务器

复制代码代码如下:
PS C:Powershell> [system.Net.Dns]::GetHostByAddress('8.8.8.8') | fl

HostName : google-public-dns-a.google.com
Aliases : {}
AddressList : {8.8.8.8}

根据类型创建实例

下面演示通过$webClient类的DownloadFile方法下载文件:

复制代码代码如下:
PS C:Powershell> $localName="C:Powershellindex.php"
PS C:Powershell> Test-Path $localName
False
PS C:Powershell> $add="http://www.mossfly.com/index.php"
PS C:Powershell> $webClient=New-Object Net.WebClient
PS C:Powershell> $webClient.DownloadFile($add,$localName)
PS C:Powershell> Test-Path $localName
True

查看程序集

.NET中的类型定义在不同的程序集中，首先得知道当前程序已经加载了那些程序集。AppDomain类可以完成这个需求，因为它有一个静态成员CurrentDomain，CurrentDomain中有一个GetAssemblies()方法。

复制代码代码如下:
PS C:Powershell> [AppDomain]::CurrentDomain

FriendlyName           : DefaultDomain
Id                     : 1
ApplicationDescription :
BaseDirectory          : C:WINDOWSsystem32WindowsPowerShellv1.0
DynamicDirectory       :
RelativeSearchPath     :
SetupInformation       : System.AppDomainSetup
ShadowCopyFiles        : False

PS C:Powershell> [AppDomain]::CurrentDomain.GetAssemblies()

GAC    Version        Location
---    -------        --------
True   v2.0.50727     C:WindowsMicrosoft.NETFrameworkv2.0.50727mscorlib...
True   v2.0.50727     C:WindowsassemblyGAC_MSILMicrosoft.PowerShell.Cons...
True   v2.0.50727     C:WindowsassemblyGAC_MSILSystem2.0.0.0__b77a5c561...
True   v2.0.50727     C:WindowsassemblyGAC_MSILSystem.Management.Automat...
True   v2.0.50727     C:WindowsassemblyGAC_MSILMicrosoft.PowerShell.Comm...
True   v2.0.50727     C:WindowsassemblyGAC_MSILSystem.Core3.5.0.0__b77a...
True   v2.0.50727     C:WindowsassemblyGAC_MSILSystem.Configuration.Inst...
True   v2.0.50727     C:WindowsassemblyGAC_MSILMicrosoft.WSMan.Managemen...
True   v2.0.50727     C:WindowsassemblyGAC_32System.Transactions2.0.0.0...
True   v2.0.50727     C:WindowsassemblyGAC_MSILMicrosoft.PowerShell.Comm...
True   v2.0.50727     C:WindowsassemblyGAC_MSILMicrosoft.PowerShell.Comm...
True   v2.0.50727     C:WindowsassemblyGAC_MSILMicrosoft.PowerShell.Secu...
True   v2.0           C:WindowsassemblyGAC_MSILMicrosoft.PowerShell.Cons...
True   v2.0.50727     C:WindowsassemblyGAC_MSILSystem.Xml2.0.0.0__b77a5...
True   v2.0.50727     C:WindowsassemblyGAC_MSILSystem.Management2.0.0.0...
True   v2.0.50727     C:WindowsassemblyGAC_MSILSystem.DirectoryServices...
True   v2.0           C:WindowsassemblyGAC_MSILSystem.Management.Automat...
True   v2.0           C:WindowsassemblyGAC_MSILMicrosoft.WSMan.Managemen...
True   v2.0.50727     C:WindowsMicrosoft.NETFrameworkv2.0.50727mscorlib...
True   v2.0           C:WindowsassemblyGAC_MSILMicrosoft.PowerShell.Secu...
True   v2.0.50727     C:WindowsassemblyGAC_32System.Data2.0.0.0__b77a5c...
True   v2.0           C:WindowsassemblyGAC_MSILMicrosoft.PowerShell.Comm...
True   v2.0.50727     C:WindowsassemblyGAC_MSILSystem.Configuration2.0....
True   v2.0.50727     C:WindowsassemblyGAC_MSILMicrosoft.JScript8.0.0.0...

搜索指定类型

查询每个程序集中的方法可是使用GetExportedTypes() 方法。因为许多程序集中包含了大量的方法，在搜索时最好指定关键字。下面的代码演示如何查找包含”environment”关键字的类型。

复制代码代码如下:
PS C:Powershell> [AppDomain]::CurrentDomain.GetAssemblies() | ForEach-Object { $_.GetExportedTypes() } | Where-Object { $_ -like $searchtext } | ForEach-Object { $_.FullName }

System.EnvironmentVariableTarget
System.Environment
System.Environment+SpecialFolder
System.Runtime.InteropServices.RuntimeEnvironment
System.Security.Permissions.EnvironmentPermissionAccess
System.Security.Permissions.EnvironmentPermission
System.Security.Permissions.EnvironmentPermissionAttribute
Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.EnvironmentProvider

上面搜索到的类型有一个为：System.Environment类，System.Environment类可以做很多事情，可以先查看以下System.Environment类的所有静态方法。

复制代码代码如下:
PS C:Powershell> [Environment] | Get-Member -Static

TypeName: System.Environment

Name                       MemberType Definition
----                         ---------- ----------
Equals                       Method     static bool Equals(System.Object objA,
Exit                         Method     static System.Void Exit(int exitCode)
ExpandEnvironmentVariables Method     static string ExpandEnvironmentVariabl
FailFast                     Method     static System.Void FailFast(string mes
GetCommandLineArgs         Method     static string[] GetCommandLineArgs()
GetEnvironmentVariable     Method     static string GetEnvironmentVariable(s
GetEnvironmentVariables    Method     static System.Collections.IDictionary
GetFolderPath              Method     static string GetFolderPath(System.Env
GetLogicalDrives           Method     static string[] GetLogicalDrives()
ReferenceEquals            Method     static bool ReferenceEquals(System.Obj
SetEnvironmentVariable     Method     static System.Void SetEnvironmentVaria
CommandLine                Property   static System.String CommandLine {get;
CurrentDirectory           Property   static System.String CurrentDirectory
ExitCode                   Property   static System.Int32 ExitCode {get;set;
HasShutdownStarted         Property   static System.Boolean HasShutdownStart
MachineName                Property   static System.String MachineName {get;
NewLine                    Property   static System.String NewLine {get;}
OSVersion                  Property   static System.OperatingSystem OSVersio
ProcessorCount             Property   static System.Int32 ProcessorCount {ge
StackTrace                 Property   static System.String StackTrace {get;}
SystemDirectory            Property   static System.String SystemDirectory {
TickCount                  Property   static System.Int32 TickCount {get;}
UserDomainName             Property   static System.String UserDomainName {g
UserInteractive            Property   static System.Boolean UserInteractive
UserName                   Property   static System.String UserName {get;}
Version                      Property   static System.Version Version {get;}
WorkingSet                 Property   static System.Int64 WorkingSet {get;}

例如System.Environment中的属性输出当前登录域、用户名、机器名：

复制代码代码如下:
PS C:Powershell> [Environment]::UserDomainName
MyHome
PS C:Powershell> [Environment]::UserName
xiaoming
PS C:Powershell> [Environment]::MachineName
LocalHost

搜索方法

下面的例子演示如何根据指定关键字”Address”,搜索方法。

复制代码代码如下:
[AppDomain]::CurrentDomain.GetAssemblies() | ForEach-Object { $_.GetExportedTypes() } | ForEach-Object { $_.getmembers() } | Where-Object { $_.isStatic} | Where-Object { $_ -like $searchtext } | ForEach-Object { "[{0}]::{1} --> {2}" -f $_.declaringtype, $_.toString().SubString($_.toString().IndexOf(" ")+1), $_.ReturnType }

[System.Net.IPAddress]::Parse(System.String) --> System.Net.IPAddress
[System.Net.IPAddress]::IsLoopback(System.Net.IPAddress) --> System.Boolean
[System.Net.IPAddress]::Any -->
[System.Net.IPAddress]::Loopback -->
[System.Net.IPAddress]::Broadcast -->
[System.Net.IPAddress]::None -->
[System.Net.IPAddress]::IPv6Any -->
[System.Net.IPAddress]::IPv6Loopback -->
[System.Net.IPAddress]::IPv6None -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::Unknown -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::Unspecified -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::Unix -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::InterNetwork -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::ImpLink -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::Pup -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::Chaos -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::NS -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::Ipx -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::Iso -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::Osi -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::Ecma -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::DataKit -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::Ccitt -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::Sna -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::DecNet -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::DataLink -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::Lat -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::HyperChannel -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::AppleTalk -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::NetBios -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::VoiceView -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::FireFox -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::Banyan -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::Atm -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::InterNetworkV6 -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::Cluster -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::Ieee12844 -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::Irda -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::NetworkDesigners -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::Max -->
[System.Net.Sockets.IOControlCode]::GetBroadcastAddress -->
[System.Net.Sockets.IOControlCode]::AddressListQuery -->
[System.Net.Sockets.IOControlCode]::AddressListChange -->
[System.Net.Sockets.IOControlCode]::AddressListSort -->
[System.Net.Sockets.SocketError]::DestinationAddressRequired -->
[System.Net.Sockets.SocketError]::AddressFamilyNotSupported -->
[System.Net.Sockets.SocketError]::AddressAlreadyInUse -->
[System.Net.Sockets.SocketError]::AddressNotAvailable -->
[System.Net.Sockets.SocketOptionName]::ReuseAddress -->
[System.Net.Sockets.SocketOptionName]::ExclusiveAddressUse -->
[System.Net.NetworkInformation.DuplicateAddressDetectionState]::Invalid -->
[System.Net.NetworkInformation.DuplicateAddressDetectionState]::Tentative -->
[System.Net.NetworkInformation.DuplicateAddressDetectionState]::Duplicate -->
[System.Net.NetworkInformation.DuplicateAddressDetectionState]::Deprecated -->
[System.Net.NetworkInformation.DuplicateAddressDetectionState]::Preferred -->
[System.Net.NetworkInformation.NetworkChange]::add_NetworkAddressChanged(System
.Net.NetworkInformation.NetworkAddressChangedEventHandler) --> System.Void
[System.Net.NetworkInformation.NetworkChange]::remove_NetworkAddressChanged(Sys
tem.Net.NetworkInformation.NetworkAddressChangedEventHandler) --> System.Void
[System.Net.NetworkInformation.PhysicalAddress]::Parse(System.String) --> Syste
m.Net.NetworkInformation.PhysicalAddress
[System.Net.NetworkInformation.PhysicalAddress]::None -->
[System.Net.NetworkInformation.SuffixOrigin]::LinkLayerAddress -->
[System.DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectory.ActiveDirectorySyntax]::PresentationA
ddress -->
[Microsoft.JScript.JSError]::DoesNotHaveAnAddress -->
[Microsoft.JScript.JSError]::WrongUseOfAddressOf -->

Windows,Powershell,调用静态方法

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