1 测试表数据

SELECT
  relative_label_content
FROM
  frk_s.label_cor_gene
relative_label_content
------
AA
BB
CC

2 列转行写法

写法1:

string_agg

SELECT
  frwybs,
  string_agg (relative_label_content, ',') as relative_label_content
FROM
  frk_s.label_cor_gene
GROUP BY
  frwybs
relative_label_content
------------
AA,BB,CC

写法2:

array_to_string(ARRAY_AGG (text),',')

SELECT
  frwybs,
  array_to_string(
    ARRAY_AGG (DISTINCT relative_label_content),
    ','
  ) as labels_content
FROM
  frk_s.label_cor_gene
GROUP BY
  frwybs
labels_content
------------
AA,BB,CC

补充:PostgreSQL行列转换(兼容oracle pivot unpivot)

oracle11g开始内置了数据透视表pivot table这一功能,可以用来实现行列转换的功能,但是在数据量较大的时候使用性能就会较差。

pivot语法为:

SELECT ...  
FROM  ...  
PIVOT [XML]  
  (pivot_clause  
  pivot_for_clause  
  pivot_in_clause )  
WHERE ... 

oracle pivot使用例子:

–创建测试表并插入数据

create table usr
(name varchar2(20),
 score int,
 class varchar2(20)
);
insert into usr values('a',20,'math');
insert into usr values('a',22,'phy');
insert into usr values('b',23,'phy');
insert into usr values('b',21,'math');
insert into usr values('c',22,'phy');
insert into usr values('c',24,'math');
insert into usr values('d',25,'math');
insert into usr values('d',23,'phy');

–使用pivot进行行列转换

SQL> select * from usr
 2 pivot(
sum(score)
for class in ('math','phy')
 3  4  5 );
NAME           'math'   'phy'
-------------------- ---------- ----------
d              25     23
a              20     22
b              21     23
c              24     22

我们还可以使用unpivot来实现列转行。

unpivot语法为:

SELECT ...  
FROM ...  
UNPIVOT [INCLUDE|EXCLUDE NULLS]  
  (unpivot_clause  
  unpivot_for_clause  
  unpivot_in_clause )  
WHERE ... 

oracle unpivot使用例子:

–创建测试表并插入数据

CREATE TABLE t1 
(
  VendorID int, 
  Emp1 int, 
  Emp2 int, 
  Emp3 int, 
  Emp4 int,
  Emp5 int
); 
INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (1,4,3,5,4,4); 
INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (2,4,1,5,5,5); 
INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (3,4,3,5,4,4); 
INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (4,4,2,5,5,4); 
INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (5,5,1,5,5,5); 

–使用unpivot进行列转行

SQL> select * from t1
 2 UNPIVOT(
orders for Employee in(emp1,emp2,emp3,emp4,emp5)
); 3  4 
 VENDORID EMPL   ORDERS
---------- ---- ----------
     1 EMP1     4
     1 EMP2     3
     1 EMP3     5
     1 EMP4     4
     1 EMP5     4
     2 EMP1     4
     2 EMP2     1
     2 EMP3     5
     2 EMP4     5
     2 EMP5     5
     3 EMP1     4
 VENDORID EMPL   ORDERS
---------- ---- ----------
     3 EMP2     3
     3 EMP3     5
     3 EMP4     4
     3 EMP5     4
     4 EMP1     4
     4 EMP2     2
     4 EMP3     5
     4 EMP4     5
     4 EMP5     4
     5 EMP1     5
     5 EMP2     1
 VENDORID EMPL   ORDERS
---------- ---- ----------
     5 EMP3     5
     5 EMP4     5
     5 EMP5     5
25 rows selected.

那么在pg中该如何实现oracle的pivot/unpivot的行列转行功能呢?pg中自带的tablefunc插件可以实现,我们可以使用该插件中的crosstab函数接口进行行列转换。

pg行转列例子:

–建表插入测试数据

create table tbl (seller text,se_year int,se_month int,se_amount int); 
insert into tbl values ('test1',2020,01,123456);   
insert into tbl values ('test1',2020,02,234567);   
insert into tbl values ('test1',2020,03,345678);   
insert into tbl values ('test1',2020,04,345678);   
insert into tbl values ('test1',2020,05,567890);   
insert into tbl values ('test2',2020,01,12);   
insert into tbl values ('test2',2020,02,23);   
insert into tbl values ('test2',2020,03,34);   
insert into tbl values ('test2',2020,04,45);   
insert into tbl values ('test2',2020,05,56);   
insert into tbl values ('test3',2020,03,12);   
insert into tbl values ('test3',2020,04,45);   
insert into tbl values ('test3',2020,05,56);   
insert into tbl values ('test4',2020,02,20);   
insert into tbl values ('test4',2020,03,30);   
insert into tbl values ('test4',2020,04,40);   
insert into tbl values ('test4',2020,05,50);   
insert into tbl values ('test1',2019,01,123456);   
insert into tbl values ('test1',2019,02,234567);   
insert into tbl values ('test1',2019,03,345678);   
insert into tbl values ('test1',2019,04,345678);   
insert into tbl values ('test1',2019,05,567890);   
insert into tbl values ('test1',2019,06,123456);   
insert into tbl values ('test1',2019,07,234567);   
insert into tbl values ('test1',2019,08,345678);   
insert into tbl values ('test1',2019,09,345678);   
insert into tbl values ('test1',2019,10,567890);   
insert into tbl values ('test1',2019,11,123456);   
insert into tbl values ('test1',2019,12,234567);   
insert into tbl values ('test2',2019,11,12);   
insert into tbl values ('test2',2019,12,23);
insert into tbl select * from tbl;  

–行转列

bill=# select   
bill-#  js-'seller' as seller,    
bill-#  js-'se_year' as se_year,   
bill-#  jan ,  
bill-#  feb ,  
bill-#  mar ,  
bill-#  apr ,  
bill-#  may ,  
bill-#  jun ,  
bill-#  jul ,  
bill-#  aug ,  
bill-#  sep ,  
bill-#  oct ,  
bill-#  nov ,  
bill-#  dec   
bill-# from crosstab(  
bill(#  -- 这个是需要进行行列变换的源SQL , 数据源。  
bill(#  -- 排序字段为group by字段 ,最后一个字段为转换后的内容字段,导数第二个字段为行列变换的字段(内容为枚举,比如月份)  
bill(#  -- (必须在下一个参数中提取出对应的所有枚举值)  
bill(#  $$select jsonb_build_object('seller', seller, 'se_year', se_year) as js, se_month, sum(se_amount) from tbl group by 1,2 order by 1$$,    
bill(#  -- 行列转换的行,有哪些值被提取出来作为列。 这个在这里代表的是月份,也就是se_month的值   
bill(#  -- 或(select * from (values('jan'),...('dec')) t(se_month))  
bill(#  'select distinct se_month from tbl order by 1'     
bill(# )   
bill-# as  -- crosstab 输出格式  
bill-# ( js jsonb, -- 第一个参数SQL内对应的order by对应的字段(1个或多个)  
bill(#  Jan numeric, -- 第一个参数SQL内对应导数第二个字段的枚举值,(行转列)  
bill(#  feb numeric, -- ...同上  
bill(#  mar numeric,  
bill(#  apr numeric,  
bill(#  may numeric,  
bill(#  jun numeric,  
bill(#  jul numeric,  
bill(#  aug numeric,  
bill(#  sep numeric,  
bill(#  oct numeric,  
bill(#  nov numeric,  
bill(#  dec numeric  
bill(# )   
bill-# order by 1,2;  
 seller | se_year | jan  | feb  | mar  | apr  |  may  | jun  | jul  | aug  | sep  |  oct  | nov  | dec  
--------+---------+--------+--------+--------+--------+---------+--------+--------+--------+--------+---------+--------+--------
 test1 | 2019  | 246912 | 469134 | 691356 | 691356 | 1135780 | 246912 | 469134 | 691356 | 691356 | 1135780 | 246912 | 469134
 test1 | 2020  | 246912 | 469134 | 691356 | 691356 | 1135780 |    |    |    |    |     |    |    
 test2 | 2019  |    |    |    |    |     |    |    |    |    |     |   24 |   46
 test2 | 2020  |   24 |   46 |   68 |   90 |   112 |    |    |    |    |     |    |    
 test3 | 2020  |    |    |   24 |   90 |   112 |    |    |    |    |     |    |    
 test4 | 2020  |    |   40 |   60 |   80 |   100 |    |    |    |    |     |    |    
(6 rows)

–列转行

bill=# with a as ( -- A对应原始数据(即需要列转行的数据) 
bill(# select   
bill(#  js-'seller' as seller,    
bill(#  js-'se_year' as se_year,   
bill(#  jan ,  
bill(#  feb ,  
bill(#  mar ,  
bill(#  apr ,  
bill(#  may ,  
bill(#  jun ,  
bill(#  jul ,  
bill(#  aug ,  
bill(#  sep ,  
bill(#  oct ,  
bill(#  nov ,  
bill(#  dec   
bill(# from crosstab(  
bill(#  -- 这个是需要进行行列变换的源SQL , 数据源。  
bill(#  -- 排序字段为group by字段 ,最后一个字段为转换后的内容字段,导数第二个字段为行列变换的字段(内容为枚举,比如月份)  
bill(#  -- (必须在下一个参数中提取出对应的所有枚举值)  
bill(#  $$select jsonb_build_object('seller', seller, 'se_year', se_year) as js, se_month, sum(se_amount) from tbl group by 1,2 order by 1$$,    
bill(#  -- 行列转换的行,有哪些值被提取出来作为列。 这个在这里代表的是月份,也就是se_month的值   
bill(#  -- 或(select * from (values('jan'),...('dec')) t(se_month))  
bill(#  'select distinct se_month from tbl order by 1'     
bill(# )   
bill(# as  -- crosstab 输出格式  
bill(# ( js jsonb, -- 第一个参数SQL内对应的order by对应的字段(1个或多个)  
bill(#  Jan numeric, -- 第一个参数SQL内对应导数第二个字段的枚举值,(行转列)  
bill(#  feb numeric, -- ...同上  
bill(#  mar numeric,  
bill(#  apr numeric,  
bill(#  may numeric,  
bill(#  jun numeric,  
bill(#  jul numeric,  
bill(#  aug numeric,  
bill(#  sep numeric,  
bill(#  oct numeric,  
bill(#  nov numeric,  
bill(#  dec numeric  
bill(# )   
bill(# order by 1,2  
bill(# )  
bill-# ,   
bill-# -- b , 用jsonb把多列合并为一列,并使用jsonb_each展开。 
bill-# b as (select seller, se_year, jsonb_each(row_to_json(a)::jsonb-'seller'::text-'se_year'::text) as rec from a)   
bill-# select seller, se_year, (b.rec).key as month, (b.rec).value as sum from b;  
 seller | se_year | month |  sum  
--------+---------+-------+---------
 test1 | 2019  | apr  | 691356
 test1 | 2019  | aug  | 691356
 test1 | 2019  | dec  | 469134
 test1 | 2019  | feb  | 469134
 test1 | 2019  | jan  | 246912
 test1 | 2019  | jul  | 469134
 test1 | 2019  | jun  | 246912
 test1 | 2019  | mar  | 691356
 test1 | 2019  | may  | 1135780
 test1 | 2019  | nov  | 246912
 test1 | 2019  | oct  | 1135780
 test1 | 2019  | sep  | 691356
 test1 | 2020  | apr  | 691356
 test1 | 2020  | aug  | null
 test1 | 2020  | dec  | null
 test1 | 2020  | feb  | 469134
 test1 | 2020  | jan  | 246912
 test1 | 2020  | jul  | null
 test1 | 2020  | jun  | null
 test1 | 2020  | mar  | 691356
 test1 | 2020  | may  | 1135780
 test1 | 2020  | nov  | null
 test1 | 2020  | oct  | null
 test1 | 2020  | sep  | null
 test2 | 2019  | apr  | null
 test2 | 2019  | aug  | null
 test2 | 2019  | dec  | 46
 test2 | 2019  | feb  | null
 test2 | 2019  | jan  | null
 test2 | 2019  | jul  | null
 test2 | 2019  | jun  | null
 test2 | 2019  | mar  | null
 test2 | 2019  | may  | null
 test2 | 2019  | nov  | 24
 test2 | 2019  | oct  | null
 test2 | 2019  | sep  | null
 test2 | 2020  | apr  | 90
 test2 | 2020  | aug  | null
 test2 | 2020  | dec  | null
 test2 | 2020  | feb  | 46
 test2 | 2020  | jan  | 24
 test2 | 2020  | jul  | null
 test2 | 2020  | jun  | null
 test2 | 2020  | mar  | 68
 test2 | 2020  | may  | 112
 test2 | 2020  | nov  | null
 test2 | 2020  | oct  | null
 test2 | 2020  | sep  | null
 test3 | 2020  | apr  | 90
 test3 | 2020  | aug  | null
 test3 | 2020  | dec  | null
 test3 | 2020  | feb  | null
 test3 | 2020  | jan  | null
 test3 | 2020  | jul  | null
 test3 | 2020  | jun  | null
 test3 | 2020  | mar  | 24
 test3 | 2020  | may  | 112
 test3 | 2020  | nov  | null
 test3 | 2020  | oct  | null
 test3 | 2020  | sep  | null
 test4 | 2020  | apr  | 80
 test4 | 2020  | aug  | null
 test4 | 2020  | dec  | null
 test4 | 2020  | feb  | 40
 test4 | 2020  | jan  | null
 test4 | 2020  | jul  | null
 test4 | 2020  | jun  | null
 test4 | 2020  | mar  | 60
 test4 | 2020  | may  | 100
 test4 | 2020  | nov  | null
 test4 | 2020  | oct  | null
 test4 | 2020  | sep  | null
(72 rows)

以上为个人经验,希望能给大家一个参考,也希望大家多多支持。如有错误或未考虑完全的地方,望不吝赐教。

标签:
PostgreSQL,列转行

免责声明:本站文章均来自网站采集或用户投稿,网站不提供任何软件下载或自行开发的软件! 如有用户或公司发现本站内容信息存在侵权行为,请邮件告知! 858582#qq.com
白云城资源网 Copyright www.dyhadc.com

评论“PostgreSQL 实现列转行问题”

暂无“PostgreSQL 实现列转行问题”评论...

稳了!魔兽国服回归的3条重磅消息!官宣时间再确认!

昨天有一位朋友在大神群里分享,自己亚服账号被封号之后居然弹出了国服的封号信息对话框。

这里面让他访问的是一个国服的战网网址,com.cn和后面的zh都非常明白地表明这就是国服战网。

而他在复制这个网址并且进行登录之后,确实是网易的网址,也就是我们熟悉的停服之后国服发布的暴雪游戏产品运营到期开放退款的说明。这是一件比较奇怪的事情,因为以前都没有出现这样的情况,现在突然提示跳转到国服战网的网址,是不是说明了简体中文客户端已经开始进行更新了呢?